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International literature has evidenced how GIS, geotechnologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can provide very useful supports and indications to tackle COVID-19 and health emergencies. This paper starts by giving some synthetic geographical considerations regarding the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in different fields of daily life and then provides a literary review concerning the actual state of the art and inputs for future perspectives using GIS, geotechnologies and AI to tackle infectious diseases and global emergencies, starting from the numerous studies conducted in the context of COVID-19. In fact, the current pandemic has also been an event capable of providing notable new indications for the profitable use of GIS applications, simulation and geolocalisation models, AI and satellite images. The paper then focuses the attention on the ECO4CO – Earth Cognitive System 4 Covid-19 project, co-funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) under its Business Applications programme and essentially aimed at advancing innovative proposals, combining geotechnological know-how and interdisciplinary approaches in the healthcare, epidemiological, engineering and geographical fields, through the use of geoinformatics models and algorithms and satellite resources, for ad hoc data elaboration and mapping. In particular, the ECO4CO service concept and service pillars are presented and the work is focused on Logistic Planning, a crucial service used to assist clinical teams and healthcare authorities in the organization of activities useful to tackle health emergencies. Specific applied examples are shown to underline how it is possible to pass from retrospective data to predictive hypothesis through conceptual models based on interdisciplinary synergies and refining and educating algorithms. Copyright © Nuova Cultura.
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Introduction: COVID-19 is thought to be more frequent and severe in patients with cancer. Lymphoma patients may be especially vulnerable, due to the immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation caused by the lymphoma itself and the antitumor treatments. This study describes the characteristics and outcomes of lymphoma patients after developing COVID-19. Methods: This is a retrospective multicentre study carried out in the hospitals of the GELTAMO group, which included patients with a histological diagnosis of lymphoma and confirmed SARS-COV-2 infection before June 30th, 2020. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) 60 days after a COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: A total of 218 patients (median sage 69.5 [21-94] years, 54% male) were included;100 patients had an indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 67 aggressive B-cell NHL, 19 mantlecell lymphoma, 15 peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and 17 Hodgkin's lymphoma. Patients had received a median of 1 line (0-7) of therapy, and 44.9% were on active treatment at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Only 6.4%, 1.8% and 0.9% of patients had received previously autologous stem-cell transplantation, allogeneic SCT and CAR-T cell therapy, respectively. 89% of patients were hospitalized, 71% required oxygen, and 15% mechanical ventilation. With a median follow-up of 91.5 days (13-203), 65 patients have died (60 from COVID-19, 4 from lymphoma, 1 due to other causes), with an estimated 60-day OS of 68.6% (95% CI 62.1-75.1) (figure 1A). In univariate analysis, baseline characteristics associated with decreased OS were age ≥70 years, hypertension, diabetes, other cancer, active disease and hypogammaglobulinemia, but only age ≥70 years maintained independent influence in the multivariate analysis (HR 3.29, 95% CI 1.86-5.83, p < 0.001). Active treatment did not significantly impact OS (figure 1B). Univariate analysis revealed different prognostic factors, apart from age, for patients with DLBCL (N = 60) and FL (N = 69). While the presence of active disease had a prognostic impact on DLBCL (60-day OS 56% vs 79%, p = 0.038) but not on FL (60-day OS 65% vs 78%, p = 0.181) patients, the opposite occurred in the case of active treatment, which seemed to have a negative influence only in patients with FL, as shown in figures 1C and 1D. Conclusions: Our results confirm a high mortality in patients with lymphoma and COVID-19, especially in those ≥70 years old. In patients with DLBCL, disease control seems essential to reduce the risk of mortality in the event of contracting the infection. By contrast, in patients with FL, delaying the start of treatment until it is not strictly necessary should be considered, and these patients should be prioritized to be vaccinated before starting antitumor treatment. This study provides initial data to develop recommendations for the management of lymphoma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.